WAN Technologies

Features of WAN

WAN is a network that spread over large geographical area. It uses several technologies to get that connectivity over vast area. From that connectivity we can have lot features in WAN. They are,

Circuit switching

Packet switching

Lease line

X.25

Frame relay

ATM

Circuit switching

Circuit switching involves creating a direct physical connection between sender and receiver. The connection must be set up before any communication can occur. A circuit-switched network is one that establishes a dedicated circuit (or channel) between nodes and terminals before the users may communicate. 

Circuit switching

The sender and receiver can count on "owning" the bandwidth allotted to them for as long as they remain connected.

Packet switching

Packet switching is a WAN technology in which users share common carrier resources. Packet-switched describes the type of network in which relatively small units of data called packets are routed through a network based on the destination address contained within each packet. Packet Switching allows the same data path to be shared among many users in the network.

 

Packet Switching

 

The packet passes from exchange to exchange for delivery through the provider network. This data packets change the path dynamically. According to the traffic it changes the path.

Lease line

Lease line is used to provide point-to-point dedicated network connectivity. Analog leased line can provide maximum bandwidth of 9.6 Kbps. Digital leased lines can provide bandwidths: 64 Kbps, 2 Mbps (E1), 8 Mbps (E2), 34 Mbps (E3) ... Internet lease line is used to access internet with dedicate bandwidth.

X.25

X.25 Defines a telephone network for data communications. It provides users with WAN connectivity across public data networks (TELENET, TYMNET). Developed by common carriers to increase subscription to PDNs. Specification defines a point-to-point interaction between DTEs and DCEs for remote access terminals and computers.

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Access Network

 Access Network

We learn about basic network in basic telecommunication networks to understand their principals and operation. The main and the very important network is access network when someone on the basic learning.

An access network (Outside Plant) is the network that has series of wires, cables and equipment lying between a consumer and service operator. This is the only one network customer can see from this eyes. 

Block Diagram of Access Network

Exchange – Exchange is he center where the switching equipments and DSLAM placed. Switching equipment connects the customer to caller party by analyzing the dialed number. And DSLAM is used to provide the DSL service to customers. And MDF stands for main distribution frame. The MDF is a termination point within the local telephone exchange where exchange equipment and terminations of local loops are connected by jumper wires at the MDF. 

Street cabinet - Street cabinet is the device located in the street in between local exchange and the customer. Big size cables having much number of pairs are terminated at cabinets and they are distributed to different customer’s locations through smaller size cable having lesser number of cable pairs.

DP – DP stands for Distribution point. DP is used for termination of secondary telephone network to the subscriber drop or service line cable pairs.

Drop wire – Drop wire ends the access network. It is used to connect customer premises equipment with Distribution point.

Customer premises equipment (CPE) - customer premises equipment are Discharger, Rosette box, Splitter, and modem. 

Access Network

 

Today service operators supply additional services such as xDSL based broadband and IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) to customers using access network. The access network is again the main barrier to achieving high data rate to customers, because even though providers configure and update their core network there can be lot of issues in access network due to structure of the cabling and high attenuation. Without understanding or even knowing the characteristics of these enormous copper spider webs, it is very difficult, and expensive to connect new customers and assure the data rates required to receive next generation services.

Throughout this article I hope you may get some thing. This provides very basic explanation and future will cover more. Comments are well come. Thank you.

What are the Collected Infomation Before Impliment a Computer Network

Geographical state of the Company.

How computers are arranged in the Network.

Ex- There can be several sections in a one department, according to that information we should set up a LAN for a department.

Details about the building which we going to setup a network.

How those departments are located.

Ex-   In a same building or in different buildings. If Departments are in different buildings & the distance of two buildings are more than 100m we can’t use UTP CAT 5, for over come that should use Fiber optics cables.

Old or new building.

Ex- If the building has a historical value we should setup a Wireless Network.

Details about departments.

When we plan a structured cable design need that information.

Ex- We can use UTP CAT 5 cables for IT, Finance & HR departments but we should install STO CAT 5 cables for Production and Transport departments.

Cost of set up

What are the technologies that used for connect with each branch.

EX- Lease line, Private Lease line or over PSTN.

What are the appropriate equipments that we needed to implement the network.

EX- The type, technology, ports of Switch and Router & how these characteristics are suitable for our implementation.

When we design structure cables we can use Patch panels & Wall sockets.

What are the internet access technologies that used?

Ex- Internet Lease Line, ADSL, SDSL, IDSL

Future network expansions.

What are the additional devices that commonly used?

Ex- Printers, Scanners & other equipments.

The development of the company.

Ex- The production and Sales rates. According to these parameters we can have clear image of the future network expansions.

Security and Reliability of the system.

Redundant connection of the network.

Redundant Internet access technologies.

Administrator privilege of the PCs.

Maintain cost

The equipments must have low maintain cost.

Ex-cost of the implementation is high in Fiber optics but maintain cost is low compare to CAT 5 cables.

    Throughout this article I hope you may get some thing. This provides  basic explanation and future will cover more. Comments are well come. Thank you.